Nano flame retardants are highly effective, multi-function, low smoke, low toxicity, environmental protection, low filling quantity special advantage, greatly contributed to the flame retardant polymer matrix composites, widely used. This paper briefly introduced in recent years to carbon nanotube, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, antimony trioxide as additives polymer-nanoparticle composites flame retardant the latest progress in research, this paper analyzes the characteristics and the flame retardant materials, and flame retardant mechanisms of flame retardant polymer-nanoparticle composites application prospect in the future.